Longitudinal Data

It can be clustered and it is extensively used by economists and sociologists to understand the reasons for some events.

In such a system, the dependent variable is measured at several points in time often over a long period for each subject.

The data don't need to be collected over the years. It can be gathered through a series of repeated observations over a given time phase and it can include commodity trading data, asset class depreciation, individual or household, online market, repeated cross-sectional data, long-term data, etc.

It is, sometimes, called panel data, which can track the same sample at different points in time.  The main benefit is that researchers can detect the development or changes in the target population at the individual and group levels.

The key is that longitudinal studies can extend beyond one moment and can establish sequences of events. The analysis based on such data may involve variables measured at different time points.